Trade union membership and density in Germany

 Proportion of employees who are members of a trade union. * The trade union membership figures were provided by, among others, the German Trade Union Confederation (Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund, DGB), the German Civil Servants Union and Wage Union (Deutscher Beamtenbund und Tarifunion, dbb), the Christian Trade Union Federation (Christlicher Gewerkschaftsbund, CGB), the doctors’ union Marburger Bund, Cockpit (the airline pilots’ union) and the Independent Flight Attendants’ Union (Unabhängige Flugbegleiter Organisation, UFO). ** Net trade union membership of employees derived from the total union membership and adjusted, if necessary, for trade union members outside the active, dependent and employed labour force (i.e. retired workers, self-employed workers, students and unemployed people). WSI, Institute of Economic and Social Research (Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Institut).